[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/na-jakem-principu-pracuji-zarivky\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/na-jakem-principu-pracuji-zarivky\/","headline":"Na jak\u00e9m principu pracuj\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ivky","name":"Na jak\u00e9m principu pracuj\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ivky","description":"Z\u00e1\u0159ivkov\u00e1 trubice je vypln\u011bna rtu\u0165ov\u00fdmi parami a vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm plynem argonem. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b trubice jsou um\u00edst\u011bny kovov\u00e9 patice a na jejich vnit\u0159n\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech je galvanick\u00fdm pokoven\u00edm nanesena tenk\u00e1 vrstvi\u010dka v\u00e1pn\u00edku, stroncia a barya. Patice slou\u017e\u00ed jako emitent elektron\u016f. K tomu, aby prob\u00edhal v\u00fdboj uvnit\u0159 plynn\u00e9 sm\u011bsi, je t\u0159eba dod\u00e1vat ur\u010ditou hodnotu proudu, regulovanou p\u0159ed\u0159azen\u00fdm odporem. […]","datePublished":"2018-03-14","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bd672608a9ea50cfcb35956b7f63dacf48dece49eb907e6bdd72bedd9991f24?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bd672608a9ea50cfcb35956b7f63dacf48dece49eb907e6bdd72bedd9991f24?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"urhmp.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a315513_w1693_t1526328232.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a315513_w1693_t1526328232.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/na-jakem-principu-pracuji-zarivky\/","about":["N\u00e1kupy"],"wordCount":470,"articleBody":"     Z\u00e1\u0159ivkov\u00e1 trubice je vypln\u011bna rtu\u0165ov\u00fdmi parami a vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm plynem argonem. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b trubice jsou um\u00edst\u011bny kovov\u00e9 patice a na jejich vnit\u0159n\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech je galvanick\u00fdm pokoven\u00edm nanesena tenk\u00e1 vrstvi\u010dka v\u00e1pn\u00edku, stroncia a barya. Patice slou\u017e\u00ed jako emitent elektron\u016f. K tomu, aby prob\u00edhal v\u00fdboj uvnit\u0159 plynn\u00e9 sm\u011bsi, je t\u0159eba dod\u00e1vat ur\u010ditou hodnotu proudu, regulovanou p\u0159ed\u0159azen\u00fdm odporem. U st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu je to tlumivka, nebo to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tzv. p\u0159ed\u0159adn\u00edk. V praxi to funguje tak, \u017ee pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed v\u00fdboje je nutno do obvodu vpustit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotu proudu a ihned pot\u00e9 ji sn\u00ed\u017eit pomoc\u00ed odporu, aby mohl prob\u00edhat ust\u00e1len\u00fd provoz kmit\u00e1n\u00ed elektron\u016f. Z toho d\u016fvodu se do z\u00e1\u0159ivek mus\u00ed montovat start\u00e9r. Ten obsahuje neon a argon a dv\u011b elektrody.  Start\u00e9r je v provozu pouze v \u00favodn\u00ed f\u00e1zi Start\u00e9r se uvede do provozu doutnav\u00fdm v\u00fdbojem vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch plyn\u016f, ten zah\u0159eje elektrody, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je jedna z nich vyrobena z bimetalov\u00e9ho pl\u00ed\u0161ku. Bimetal se po zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed ohne a vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed sepne druh\u00fd kontakt. Nastartuje se t\u00edm proces pr\u016ftoku proudu do tlumivky a z\u00e1\u0159ivkov\u00fdch elektrod a mezit\u00edm zanikne doutnav\u00fd v\u00fdboj uvnit\u0159 start\u00e9ru, kter\u00fd p\u0159estane pracovat zhruba 1 sekundu po uveden\u00ed do \u010dinnosti. Pak u\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 samotn\u00fd proces v\u00fdboje. Obsah z\u00e1\u0159ivkov\u00e9 trubice 36w se ionizuje a doutnav\u00fd v\u00fdboj ji\u017e pracuje p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed, ne\u017e start\u00e9r. Ten u\u017e se tedy pak znovu nezap\u00e1l\u00ed. Uvnit\u0159 trubice emituje doutnav\u00fd v\u00fdboj UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a na sv\u011btlo jej p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje luminiscen\u010dn\u00ed vrstva, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed st\u011bny trubice.   Blik\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ivek I p\u0159esto, \u017ee cel\u00fd proces startov\u00e1n\u00ed, vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdboje, a ust\u00e1len\u00ed ionizace prob\u00edh\u00e1 velice rychle, lze pouh\u00fdm okem zaznamenat jist\u00e9 zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch (zlomek sekundy). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bychom si m\u011bli uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee z\u00e1\u0159ivky, kter\u00e9 nap\u00e1j\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud, blikaj\u00ed v d\u016fsledku stroboskopick\u00e9ho efektu. Ten ur\u010duje nap\u011bt\u00ed v rozvodn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u00ed a frekvence blik\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dvojn\u00e1sobku kmito\u010dtu v s\u00edti, tedy 2 x 50 Hz (pro evropsk\u00e9 elektrifikace), tzn. v Evrop\u011b z\u00e1\u0159ivky blikaj\u00ed 100 kr\u00e1t za sekundu. Tomuto efektu se ov\u0161em d\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi sv\u00edtidly zapojen\u00fdmi na jin\u00e9 f\u00e1ze el. rozvodu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se blik\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u011b eliminuje p\u0159ed\u0159adn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 kmito\u010det \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v kilo Hertz, a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem nen\u00ed blik\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 markantn\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2.7\/5 - (4 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Na jak\u00e9m principu pracuj\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ivky","item":"https:\/\/www.urhmp.cz\/na-jakem-principu-pracuji-zarivky\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]